Spondylolisthesis

Symptoms

Some slips are painless. Symptomatic cases may cause low-back pain, hamstring tightness, radiating leg pain, numbness, or reduced walking tolerance.

Diagnosis

Standing X-rays reveal alignment and grade of slip; flexion-extension views may assess motion. MRI evaluates nerve compression, while CT may clarify pars anatomy or assist surgical planning.

Treatment options

Treatment often starts with activity modification, medication when appropriate, physical therapy, and selective injections. Many stable slips can be managed without surgery when function is acceptable.

When surgery is considered

Decompression and stabilization may be appropriate for persistent nerve symptoms, disabling mechanical pain with a well-defined source, progressive slip, deformity, or instability.

When to seek care promptly

Seek prompt care for progressive leg weakness, worsening numbness, or new bowel or bladder difficulty.